How Do Solar Panels Really Work? A Beginner’s Guide
Solar energy is everywhere—from rooftops in bustling cities to large solar farms in rural areas. But if you’ve ever wondered “How do these panels actually turn sunlight into electricity?” , you’re not alone. This beginner’s guide breaks it down in simple terms so you can finally understand the science behind solar power. Step 1: Capturing Sunlight Solar panels are made up of many small units called solar cells . Each cell is built with a special material—most often silicon —that can absorb sunlight. When sunlight hits the panel, it excites electrons inside the cells. This process creates an electric current—the first step toward usable power. This phenomenon is called the photovoltaic (PV) effect , and it’s the magic that makes solar energy possible. Step 2: Converting DC to AC Power The electricity generated by solar cells is direct current (DC) , but our homes and appliances run on alternating current (AC) . A device called an inverter converts DC ...